Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Open Access policy
Abstracting & indexing
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
List of reviewers
Review Form
CASE REPORT
A cadaveric analysis of anatomical variations of the musculocutaneous nerve
| 1 | Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Ewa Toruńska
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland. Tel.: +48 721 255 309.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland. Tel.: +48 721 255 309.
Submission date: 2022-05-07
Final revision date: 2022-07-14
Acceptance date: 2022-07-15
Online publication date: 2022-09-20
Pol. Ann. Med. 2022;29(2):253–256
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Variations within musculocutaneus nerve (MCN) are very frequent. Such cases should be discussed extensively to reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage during surgery.
Aim:
In this paper, we wanted to present the unusual variability within the brachial plexus, which is the double MCN.
Case study:
We present a case of accesory MCN found during the cadaveric dissection.
Results and discussion:
In this paper we encountered two musculocutaneous nerves, of which MCN proper runs as standard innervating the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscle, while MCN accessory extending distally from MCN proper and innervates the brachialis.
Conclusions:
The case analysed by us is rare in the literature. Brachial plexus variations are very common and clinically important.
Variations within musculocutaneus nerve (MCN) are very frequent. Such cases should be discussed extensively to reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage during surgery.
Aim:
In this paper, we wanted to present the unusual variability within the brachial plexus, which is the double MCN.
Case study:
We present a case of accesory MCN found during the cadaveric dissection.
Results and discussion:
In this paper we encountered two musculocutaneous nerves, of which MCN proper runs as standard innervating the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscle, while MCN accessory extending distally from MCN proper and innervates the brachialis.
Conclusions:
The case analysed by us is rare in the literature. Brachial plexus variations are very common and clinically important.
FUNDING
None declared.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
REFERENCES (20)
1.
Pontell M, Scali F, Marshall E. A unique variation in the course of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clin Anat. 2011;24(8):968–970. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.211....
2.
Abu-Hijleh MF. Three-headed biceps brachii muscle associated with duplicated musculocutaneous nerve. Clin Anat. 2005;18(5):376–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.201....
3.
Claassen H, Schmitt O, Wree A, Schulze M. Variations in brachial plexus with respect to concomitant accompanying aberrant arm arteries. Ann Anat. 2016;208:40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aana....
4.
Yamamoto M, Kojyo U, Yanagisawa N, et al. Morphology and relationships of the biceps brachii and brachialis with the musculocutaneous nerve. Surg Radiol Anat. 2018;40(3):303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276....
5.
Leinberry CF, Wehbé MA. Brachial plexus anatomy. Hand Clin. 2004;20(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-....
6.
Hayashi M, Shionoya K, Hayashi S, et al. A novel classification of musculocutaneous nerve variations: The relationship between the communicating branch and transposed innervation of the brachial flexors to the median nerve. Ann Anat. 2017;209:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aana....
7.
Benes M, Kachlik D, Belbl M, et al. A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part I – Roots, trunks, divisions and cords. Ann Anat. 2021;238:151751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aana....
8.
Radunovic M, Vukasanovic-Bozaric A, Radojevic N, Vukadinovic T. A new anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous and the median nerve anastomosis. Folia Morphol. 2013;72(2):176–179. https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.201....
9.
Nasrabadi HT, Abedelahi A, Shoorei H, et al. A variation of Musculocutaneous nerve without piercing the coracobrachialis muscle while communicating to the median nerve: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;41:453–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsc....
10.
Benes M, Kachlik · David. Atypical branching of the musculocutaneous and median nerves with associated unusual innervation of muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm: case report and plea for extension of the current classification system. Surg Radiol Anat. 2021;43(5):671–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276....
11.
Johnson EO, Vekris M, Demesticha T, Soucacos PN. Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus: normal and variant anatomy of its formation. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010;32(3):291–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276....
12.
Sirico F, Castaldo C, Baioccato V, et al. Prevalence of musculocutaneous nerve variations: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Anat. 2019;32(2):183-195. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.232....
13.
Guerri-Guttenberg RA, Ingolotti M. Classifying musculocutaneous nerve variations. Clin Anat. 2009;22(6):671–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.208....
14.
Emamhadi M, Chabok SY, Samini F, et al. Anatomical variations of brachial plexus in adult cadavers; a descriptive study. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016;4(3):253–258.
15.
Tuyakov B, Braczkowska M, Mieszkowski M, Onichimowski D, Mayzner-Zawadzka E. Training in regional anesthesia. Polish Ann Med. 2016;23(1):80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poam....
16.
Bhattarai C, Poudel PP. Unusual variation in musculocutaneous nerves. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2009;7(28):408–410. https://doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v....
17.
Goel S, Rustagi SM, Kumar A, Mehta V, Suri RK. Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches. Anat Cell Biol. 2014;47(1):77–80. https://doi.org/10.5115%2Facb.....
18.
Orebaugh SL, Williams BA. Brachial plexus anatomy: Normal and variant. ScientificWorldJournal. 2009;9:300–312. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.20....
19.
Mavishettar SM, Iddalagave S. Musculocutaneous nerve and its variations. Int J Gen Med Pharm. 2013;2(4):53–64.
20.
Feigl GC, Litz RJ, Marhofer P. Anatomy of the brachial plexus and its implications for daily clinical practice : regional anesthesia is applied anatomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(8):620–627. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2....
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.