Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Open Access policy
Abstracting & indexing
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
List of reviewers
Review Form
RESEARCH PAPER
Characteristics of women who have suffered from violence during pregnancy
| 1 | Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, Poland |
| 2 | Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Obstetric-Gynaecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, Poland |
| 3 | Chair and Department of Psychiatry, I Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Marta Makara-Studzińska
Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 15, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Tel./fax: +48 81 718 6592.
Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 15, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Tel./fax: +48 81 718 6592.
Submission date: 2013-01-14
Acceptance date: 2013-09-10
Online publication date: 2013-09-16
Publication date: 2020-04-08
Pol. Ann. Med. 2013;20(2):106–109
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The problem of violence is an important issue for public health. The literature reports that the incidence of violence during the pregnancy is about 1%–25%. Forms of violence that are most often used against pregnant women include physical, psychological and sexual violence.
Aim:
To determine characteristics of women experiencing violence during pregnancy.
Material and methods:
One hundred and fourteen women, residents of the province of Lublin, were examined for characteristics of pregnant women experiencing violence. The method used in the study was diagnostic sounding. The technique used was a questionnaire developed by the authors. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. The results were statistically analyzed.
Results and discussion:
The analysis showed that 59.7% of the women studied experienced violence during pregnancy. The most common form of violence against the pregnant women was psychological violence (72.5%) and the rarest one was economic violence (26.7%). These percentage differences reached statistical significance (p = .02). Moreover, the statistically significant correlation was found between experiencing violence and age (p = .008), level of education (p = .0001), marital status (p = .03) and the occupational activity of examined women (p = .0001).
Conclusions:
Psychological and physical violence are the most common forms of violence used against the pregnant women. Unmarried, young women with a low level of education are the group of women who most often experience violence and due to this fact they should be taken into specialist care.
The problem of violence is an important issue for public health. The literature reports that the incidence of violence during the pregnancy is about 1%–25%. Forms of violence that are most often used against pregnant women include physical, psychological and sexual violence.
Aim:
To determine characteristics of women experiencing violence during pregnancy.
Material and methods:
One hundred and fourteen women, residents of the province of Lublin, were examined for characteristics of pregnant women experiencing violence. The method used in the study was diagnostic sounding. The technique used was a questionnaire developed by the authors. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. The results were statistically analyzed.
Results and discussion:
The analysis showed that 59.7% of the women studied experienced violence during pregnancy. The most common form of violence against the pregnant women was psychological violence (72.5%) and the rarest one was economic violence (26.7%). These percentage differences reached statistical significance (p = .02). Moreover, the statistically significant correlation was found between experiencing violence and age (p = .008), level of education (p = .0001), marital status (p = .03) and the occupational activity of examined women (p = .0001).
Conclusions:
Psychological and physical violence are the most common forms of violence used against the pregnant women. Unmarried, young women with a low level of education are the group of women who most often experience violence and due to this fact they should be taken into specialist care.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
REFERENCES (26)
1.
Bacchus L, Mezey G, Bewley S. Domestic violence: prevalence in pregnant women and associations with physical and psychological health. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;113(1):6–11.
2.
Chambliss LR. Intimate partner violence and its implication for pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;51(2):385–397, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GRF.....
3.
Diaz-Olavarrieta C, Paz F, Abuabara K, Martinez Ayala HB, Kolstad K, Palermo T. Abuse during pregnancy in Mexico City. Int J Gyneacol Obstet. 2007;97(1):57–64.
4.
Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Yoshihama M, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, et al. Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and re-victimization among women attending antenatal clinic in Soweto, South Africa. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(3):230–239.
5.
El Kady D. Perinatal outcomes of traumatic injuries during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50(3):582–591.
6.
Ergönen AT, Ozdemir MH, Can IÖ, Sönmez E, Salacin S, Berberoglu E, et al. Domestic violence on pregnant women in Turkey. J Forensic Leg Med. 2009;16(3):125–129, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfl....
7.
Farid M, Saleem S, Karim MS, Hatcher J. Spousal abuse during pregnancy in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2008;101(2):141–145, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ij....
8.
Heaman MI. Relationships between physical abuse during pregnancy and risk factors for preterm birth among women in Manitoba. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005;34(6):721–731.
9.
Humphreys J, Tsoh JY, Kohn MA, Gerbert B. Increasing discussions of intimate partner violence in prenatal care using Video Doctor plus Provider Cueing: a randomized, controlled trial. Women's Health Issues. 2011;21(2):136–144.
10.
Jahanfar S, Melekzadegan Z. The prevalence of domestic violence among pregnant women who attended the Iran University of Medical Science hospitals. J Fam Viol. 2007;22(8):643–648, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s108....
11.
Janssen PA, Holt VL, Sugg NK, Emanuel I, Critchlow CM, Henderson AD. Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(5):1341–1347.
12.
Karaoglu L, Celbis O, Ercan C, Ilgar M, Pehlivan E, Gunes G, et al. Physical, emotional and sexual violence during pregnancy in Malatya, Turkey. Eur J Public Health. 2005;16(2):149–156.
13.
Krishnan S, Subbiah K, Khanum S, Chandra PS, Padian NS. An intergenerational women's empowerment intervention to mitigate domestic violence: results of a pilot study in Bengaluru, India. Violence Against Women. 2012;18(3):346–370.
14.
Lipsky S, Holt VL, Easterling TR, Critchlow W. Impact of police-reported intimate partner violence during pregnancy on birth outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(3):557–564.
15.
McFarlance J, Campbell JC, Sharps P, Watson K. Abuse during pregnancy and femicide: urgent implications for women's health. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):27–36.
16.
Modiba LM, Baliki O, Mmalasa R, Reineke P, Nsiki C. Pilot survey of domestic abuse amongst pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in a public hospital in Gauteng Province in South Africa. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):872–879.
17.
Moraes CL, Reichenheim ME. Domestic violence during pregnancy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;79(3):269–277.
18.
Perales MT, Cripe SM, Lam N, Sanchez SE, Sanchez E, Williams MA. Prevalence, types and pattern of intimate-partner violence among pregnant women in Lima, Peru. Violence Against Women. 2009;15(2):224–250.
19.
Pospiszyl I. Przemoc w rodzinie [Domestic violence]. Warszawa: WSiP; 1994 [in Polish].
20.
Rachana C, Suraiya K, Hisham AS, Abdulaziz AM, Hai A. Prevalence and complications of physical violence during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;103(1):26–29.
21.
Romero-Gutiérrez G, Cruz-Arvizu VH, Regalado-Cedillo CA, Ponce-Ponce de Leon AL. Prevalence of violence against pregnant women and associated maternal and neonatal complications in Leon, Mexico. Midwifery. 2011;27(5):750–753.
22.
Saltzman LE, Johnson CH, Gilbert BC, Goodwin MM. Physical abuse around the time of pregnancy: An examination of prevalence and risk factors in 16 states. Matern Child Health J. 2003;7(1):31–43.
23.
Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Raj A. Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 U.S. states: associations with maternal and neonatal health. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(1):140–148.
24.
Taillieu TL, Brownridge DA. Violence against pregnant women: prevalence, patterns, risk factors, theories, and directions for future research. Aggression Violent Behav. 2010;15:14–35.
25.
Thananowan N, Heidrich SM. Intimate partner violence among pregnant Thai women. Violence Against Women. 2008;14(5):509–527.
26.
Urquia ML, O'Campo PJ, Heaman MI, Janssen PA, Thiessen KR. Experiences of violence before and during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes an analysis of the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey. Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11(42):1–9.
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.