Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Open Access policy
Abstracting & indexing
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
List of reviewers
Review Form
RESEARCH PAPER
Evaluation of postural stability in children depending on the body mass index
| 1 | Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland |
| 2 | Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Katarzyna Maślanko
Department of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland.
Department of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland.
Submission date: 2019-04-23
Final revision date: 2019-06-17
Acceptance date: 2019-07-09
Online publication date: 2019-12-17
Pol. Ann. Med. 2020;27(1):34–38
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Obesity is a common health issue among children and adolescents leading to serious consequences later in life. There are reports on postural stability in children in relation to their nutritional status, but there are few studies involving a stabilometric platform.
Aim:
A comparison of postural stability in children with normal body mass and obese children.
Material and methods:
The stabilometric study involved 166 subjects. The postural stability evaluation was performed with the use of the Biodex Balance System platform. The following four postural stability tests were carried out: (1) eyes open, stable platform (SI0); (2) eyes open, level 4 unstable platform (SI4); (3) eyes open, level 4 unstable platform with the screen covered (SI4SC); (4) eyes closed, level 4 unstable platform (SI4EC), and the fall risk test (FRT).
Results and Discussion:
There were statistically significant differences found in the SI4, SI4SC, SI4EC, and FRT tests in all the inspected parameters. Only in the postural stability test on a stable platform (SI0) no differences were noted. The most marked differences between arithmetic means obtained for both groups were observed in the postural stability test on an unstable platform with closed eyes.
Conclusions:
Children with obesity are characterised by increased instability on a moving surface compared to children of normal body mass. Obese children experience the biggest problem when regaining balance with their eyes closed. It is advisable to include training on an unstable surface in physiotherapy programmes for obese children.
Obesity is a common health issue among children and adolescents leading to serious consequences later in life. There are reports on postural stability in children in relation to their nutritional status, but there are few studies involving a stabilometric platform.
Aim:
A comparison of postural stability in children with normal body mass and obese children.
Material and methods:
The stabilometric study involved 166 subjects. The postural stability evaluation was performed with the use of the Biodex Balance System platform. The following four postural stability tests were carried out: (1) eyes open, stable platform (SI0); (2) eyes open, level 4 unstable platform (SI4); (3) eyes open, level 4 unstable platform with the screen covered (SI4SC); (4) eyes closed, level 4 unstable platform (SI4EC), and the fall risk test (FRT).
Results and Discussion:
There were statistically significant differences found in the SI4, SI4SC, SI4EC, and FRT tests in all the inspected parameters. Only in the postural stability test on a stable platform (SI0) no differences were noted. The most marked differences between arithmetic means obtained for both groups were observed in the postural stability test on an unstable platform with closed eyes.
Conclusions:
Children with obesity are characterised by increased instability on a moving surface compared to children of normal body mass. Obese children experience the biggest problem when regaining balance with their eyes closed. It is advisable to include training on an unstable surface in physiotherapy programmes for obese children.
FUNDING
None declared.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
REFERENCES (37)
1.
World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/.... Accessed: 20 January 2019.
2.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128· 9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):P2627–P2642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-....
3.
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320(7244):1240. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.32....
4.
Kułaga Z, Grajda A, Gurzkowska B, Wojtyło M, Góźdź M, Litwin MS. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish school-aged children and adolescents. Przegl Epidemiol. 2016;70(4):641–651 [in English/Polish].
5.
Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9(5):474–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
6.
Quek YH, Tam WW, Zhang MW, Ho RC. Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(7):742–754. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12....
7.
Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R. Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obes Rev. 2004;5(Suppl 1):4–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
8.
Kessler J, Koebnick C, Smith N, Adams A. Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of most lower extremity fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(4):1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999....
9.
Zonfrillo MR, Seiden JA, House EM, et al. The association of overweight and ankle injuries in children. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8(1):66–69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj....
10.
de Sá Pinto AL, de Barros Holanda PM, Radu AS, Villares SM, Lima FR. Musculoskeletal findings in obese children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(6):341–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440....
11.
Stolzman S, Irby MB, Callahan AB, Skelton JA. Pes planus and paediatric obesity: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Obes. 2015;5(2):52–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12....
12.
Adams AL, Kessler JI, Deramerian K, et al. Associations between childhood obesity and upper and lower extremity injuries. Injury Prev. 2013;19(3):191–197. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fi....
13.
D’Hondt E, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lenoir M. Relationship between motor skill and body mass index in 5-to 10-year-old children. Adapt Phys Act Q. 2009;26(1):21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq....
14.
D’Hondt E, Deforche B, Gentier I, et al. A longitudinal analysis of gross motor coordination in overweight and obese children versus normal-weight peers. Int J Obes. 2013;37(1):61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.....
15.
Kułaga Z, Różdżyńska-Świątkowska A, Grajda A, et al. Percentile charts for growth and nutritional status assessment in Polish children and adolescents from birth to 18 year of age. Stand Med Pediatr. 2015;12:119–135 [in Polish].
16.
Wiszomirska I, Kaczmarczyk K, Zdrodowska A, Błażkiewicz M, Ilnicka L, Marciniak T. Evaluation of static and dynamic postural stability in young, elderly and with vision loss women. Post Rehab. 2013;(3):33–39. https://doi.org/10.2478/rehab-....
17.
Greve J, Alonso A, Bordini ACP, Camanho GL. Correlation between body mass index and postural balance. Clinics. 2007;62(6):717–720. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-....
18.
Alonso AC, Luna NMS, Mochizuki L, Barbieri F, Santos S, Greve JMDA. The influence of anthropometric factors on postural balance: The relationship between body composition and posturographic measurements in young adults. Clinics. 2012;67(12):1433–1441. https://dx.doi.org/10.6061%2Fc....
19.
Goulding A, Jones IE, Taylor RW, Piggot JM, Taylor D. Dynamic and static tests of balance and postural sway in boys: effects of previous wrist bone fractures and high adiposity. Gait posture. 2003;17(2):136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-....
20.
Cruz-Gómez NS, Plascencia G, Villanueva-Padrón LA, Jáuregui-Renaud K. Influence of obesity and gender on the postural stability during upright stance. Obes Facts. 2011;4(3):212–217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329....
21.
McGraw B, McClenaghan BA, Williams HG, Dickerson J, Ward DS. Gait and postural stability in obese and nonobese prepubertal boys. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(4):484–489. https://doi.org/10.1053/mr.200....
22.
Niederer I, Kriemler S, Zahner L, et al. BMI group-related differences in physical fitness and physical activity in preschool-age children: a cross-sectional analysis. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2012;83(1):12–19.
23.
Colné P, Frelut ML, Pérès G, Thoumie P. Postural control in obese adolescents assessed by limits of stability and gait initiation. Gait Posture. 2008;28(1):164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gait....
24.
Deforche BI, Hills AP, Worringham CJ, et al. Balance and postural skills in normal-weight and overweight prepubertal boys. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2009;4(3):175–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/174771....
25.
Gentier I, D’Hondt E, Shultz S, et al. Fine and gross motor skills differ between healthy-weight and obese children. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2013;34(11):4043–4051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd....
26.
Fjeldstad C, Fjeldstad AS, Acree LS, Nickel KJ, Gardner AW. The influence of obesity on falls and quality of life. Dyn Med. 2008;7(1):4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1....
27.
Pataky Z, Armand S, Müller-Pinget S, Golay A, Allet L. Effects of obesity on functional capacity. Obesity. 2014;22(1):56–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20....
28.
Hue O, Simoneau M, Marcotte J, et al. Body weight is a strong predictor of postural stability. Gait Posture. 2007;26(1):32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gait....
29.
Ku PX, Osman NA, Yusof A, Abas WW. Biomechanical evaluation of the relationship between postural control and body mass index. J Biomechanics. 2012;45(9):1638–1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbio....
30.
Corbeil P, Simoneau M, Rancourt D, Tremblay A, Teasdale N. Increased risk for falling associated with obesity: mathematical modeling of postural control. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2001;9(2):126–136. https://doi.org/10.1109/7333.9....
31.
Walicka-Cupryś K, Skalska-Izdebska R, Drzał-Grabiec J, Sołek A. [Correlation between body posture and postural stability of school children]. Post Rehabil. 2013;(4):47–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/rehab-....
32.
Wearing SC, Hennig EM, Byrne NM, Steele JR, Hills AP. Musculoskeletal disorders associated with obesity: a biomechanical perspective. Obes Rev. 2006;7(3):239–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
33.
Del Porto H, Pechak C, Smith D, Reed-Jones R. Biomechanical effects of obesity on balance. Int J Exerc Sci. 2012;5(4):301–320.
34.
Birtane M, Tuna H. The evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in obese and non-obese adults. Clin Biomech. 2004;19(10):1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clin....
35.
Hills AP, Hennig EM, McDonald M, Bar-Or O. Plantar pressure differences between obese and non-obese adults: a biomechanical analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(11):1674–1679. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo....
36.
Nuttall FQ. Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):117–128. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.000....
37.
World Health Organization. Body mass index – BMI. 2017. https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/ri.... Accessed January 20, 2019.
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.