Introduction:
Allergic reactions to medications present a significant public health challenge, necessitating deeper insights into their mechanisms and effective prevention strategies.

Aim:
The study aimed to identify the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, and effective strategies for preventing allergic reactions to medications, considering individual patient characteristics.

Material and methods:
It analysed the pathophysiological mechanisms of the immune response, focusing on the interaction of cellular and humoral components, such as T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, mastocytes, and inflammatory mediators. The impact of key risk factors, including genetic predisposition, age, gender, and comorbidities, on the likelihood of allergic reactions was also examined. The analysis evaluated the frequency and severity of allergic reactions among patients in Europe and North America, where β-lactam antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most common triggers, accounting for up to 10% of cases.

Results and discussion:
Existing preventive methods, including pharmacogenetic testing, desensitisation, and the selection of alternative medications, were reviewed. These methods demonstrated a reduction in allergic reaction risk by up to 85-95%. Personalised patient management algorithms were developed, incorporating biomarkers, pharmacogenetic technologies, and advanced diagnostic tools to enhance risk identification and minimise severe systemic manifestations.

Conclusions:
The findings provided a basis for refining the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of drug-induced allergic reactions in clinical practice. The proposed personalised strategies offer effective management of high-risk patients, improving the safety of drug therapy. The study addressed gaps in understanding the mechanisms of hypersensitivity and formulated recommendations to advance clinical practices in allergy management.